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Power Systems
Fault Analysis

Practice questions from Fault Analysis.

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Q#1 Fault Analysis GATE EE 2025 (Set 1) NAT +1 mark -0 marks

The bus impedance matrix of a 3-bus system (in pu) is

 

A symmetrical fault (through a fault impedance of  ) occurs at bus 2. Neglecting pre-fault loading conditions, the voltage at bus 1 , during the fault is __________ pu (round off to three decimal places).

Explanation:

 

 

when the fault occurs at bus-2,

 

 

Voltage at bus -1,  (during fault)

 

Q#2 Fault Analysis GATE EE 2025 (Set 1) MCQ +2 marks -0.66 marks

In the system shown below, the generator was initially supplying power to the grid. A temporary LLLG bolted fault occurs at F very close to circuit breaker 1. The circuit breakers open to isolate the line. The fault self-clears. The circuit breakers reclose and restore the line. Which one of the following diagrams best indicates the rotor accelerating and decelerating areas?

Fig. (i)

Fig. (ii)

Fig. (iii)

Fig. (iv)

Explanation:

Given: A temporary LLLG bolted fault occurs at point F near to bus-bar .

 

Let  : Reactance of Transmission lines

 

After fault occurs (when CB open the faulty line),

 

 

 

Initial operating point:  on Curve 1 (under Normal conditions).

when 3-phase symmetrical fault occurs near bus-bar,

 (electrical power transfer during fault)  

 Operating pt. moves to .

 to  : Duration of fault or Time taken by  to clear the fault

At pt.  opens and isolate the faulty line.

Due to which operating pt. moves to pt. c on curve-2.

Then, due to accelerating power, operating pt. accelerate upto pt.  on curve 2 .

At some pt. D, CB again closes after rectification of fault & thus curve again moves to curve 1, operating pt. E. and can swing upto pt. F maintaining stable conditions.

for stable conditions, Accelerating Area  decelerating Area

 

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Q#3 Fault Analysis GATE EE 2024 (Set 1) MSQ +2 marks -0 marks

For a two-phase network, the phase voltages  and  are to be expressed in terms of sequence voltages  and  as . The possible option(s) for matrix S is/are

Explanation:

In S, no row can be linearly dependent.

Also no element can be zero.

Only then  and  can be in terms of  and .

Only the matrices in options A and D satisfy these conditions.

Q#4 Fault Analysis GATE EE 2023 (Set 1) NAT +2 marks -0 marks

The two-bus power system shown in figure (i) has one alternator supplying a synchronous motor load through a  -  transformer. The positive, negative and zero-sequence diagrams of the system are shown in figures (ii), (iii) and (iv), respectively. All reactances in the sequence diagrams are in p.u. For a bolted line-to-line fault (fault impedance = zero) between phases '  ' and '  ' at bus 1 , neglecting all pre-fault currents, the magnitude of the fault current (from phase '  ' to '  ') in p.u. is _______ (Round off to 2 decimal places).

Fig. (i) : Single-line diagram of the power system

Fig. (iii) : Negative-sequence network Fig. (ii) : Positive-sequence network

Fig. (iv) : Zero-sequence network

Explanation:

Since a L-L fault occurs at bus-1

We need Thevenin Impedance for all 3 sequence at bus-1